May. 20, 2024
Ensuring Architectural Design Integrity: Key Points
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Typically, architects and project owners are well-versed in structural, fire, and electrical building standards, allowing them to easily determine compliance due to the objective nature of these criteria, as stipulated in building codes.
However, visual acceptability standards can be more subjective, leading to potential disagreements. For instance, while a minor imperfection in an architectural panel might seem negligible to an architect, it could be unacceptable to a building owner. Such discrepancies necessitate standardized visual acceptance criteria within the industry to mediate conflicts and provide clear guidelines.
The Metals Construction Association (MCA) recently released a white paper addressing visual acceptance standards for metal composite materials (MCM) used in architectural cladding. Here, we summarize the key points.
Panel deflection, caused by wind loading or thermal expansion, is a common phenomenon. The International Building Code (IBC) specifies deflection limits at L/60 for non-structural MCM cladding, where "L" is the panel’s longest dimension in inches. For instance, a five-foot panel under severe wind can deflect up to one inch. Panels are designed to return to their original shape post-deflection.
For perimeter aluminum frames, which support glass, IBC recommends a deflection limit of L/175, which the MCA considers a best practice for MCM panel framing as well.
Panel bow, resulting from temperature-induced dimensional changes, differs from deflection. When installation restricts panel movement, significant temperature rises can cause bowing, which typically resolves as temperatures normalize. The MCA advises installing panels in average temperature conditions, using slotted holes, flexible adhesives, and a fixed central point with movement allowance at the edges to mitigate bowing.
Evaluating surface imperfections like dents and dimples can be subjective. Building codes do not specifically address visual standards for minor surface flaws. However, MCA recommends following guidelines from the Insulated Glass Manufacturers Association and the American Architectural Manufacturers Association. This involves a visual inspection from 10 feet at a perpendicular angle under natural lighting. If imperfections are not visible under these conditions, the panel is within acceptable manufacturing specifications.
While building codes do not cover finish colors and performance, project specifications often rely on standards by ASTM, AAMA, and NCCA for durability against impacts, wear, and corrosion. Color variations can stem from lot differences, coating grain direction, exposure, and cleaning methods. A generally acceptable color change is 5 dE units over the warranty period, where 1 dE unit is a barely perceptible difference. For detailed guidance, refer to MCA’s white paper on visual acceptance standards.
Learn more
Download the MCA white paper, Visual Acceptance Parameters for Metal Composite Material (MCM) Panels and Panel Systems for comprehensive industry standards that can prevent visual discrepancies in your building projects and address construction-related queries effectively.
Seeking quick answers to your precast concrete questions? Our “FAQ Fridays” blog series tackles the most popular inquiries by topic and product category. In Part 10, we explore Architectural Precast Concrete.
Architectural Precast Concrete encompasses any precast component that enhances the structure’s form through shape, finish, color, or texture, blending architectural expression with mass production. Applications range from non-loadbearing cladding to structural frames and decorative elements.
For more insights, watch our featured video showcasing precast concrete’s versatility in various projects.
Architectural precast concrete can serve as a loadbearing element with minimal additional reinforcement and connection costs.
Architectural precast offers varied finishes, with textured surfaces providing more uniformity than smooth ones. Medium sandblasting tends to offer greater consistency than acid-wash finishes. Segmenting larger areas with reveals or rustications can also help mitigate visible texture differences.
Contact PCI or local producers to understand size and weight standards for precast products. For more information, please visit Metal carved board.
While 3” thickness may be possible without reinforcement, 4” is generally the minimum for cladding units. Consult local PCI-certified producers for optimal panel design.
Precast cladding can be insulated, often an insulated sandwich type, offering overall net trade savings and enhanced thermal efficiency.
Recommended joint width between precast panels is 1/4\", with minimum caulk joint width being 3/8\". Maintenance focuses primarily on caulking and sealants, with sealers recommended post-installation for enhanced weathering and easier cleaning.
Allow 1 1/2\" to 2\" between the slab edge and precast panel for tolerance. For structural connections, keep the distance within 12” from the panel's back to the structural support center.
Tolerances should accommodate at least an extra 1/2\" between drywall and connection hardware to prevent exposure. Engineers should specify allowable slab recess locations and reinforcing details accordingly.
Precise tolerances for manufacturing and erection are critical, and designs should reflect practical tolerances to maintain economy. Engage early with precasters for budget accuracy, considering factors like piece size, textures, geometry, and site conditions.
The master mold concept minimizes mold changes and maximizes cast repetitions, leading to cost-effective production. Similar shapes can be produced with slight modifications from the same master mold, enhancing design flexibility and production efficiency.
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