Why use a proportional valve?

A proportional valve provides a change in output pressure or flow in the same ratio as the change in the input; for example, if the input doubles then the output will also double.

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What are the key features?

Proportional Valves are suited to applications where output pressure will vary - either in steps or continuously. Stepped output pressure means the pressure is held at one value before the pressure is increased to another value. Continuous output pressure is where pressure is continually increased at a set rate.

Proportional Valves can be interconnected, for example, the output from one being used as an input to another. Many are programmable, with onboard diagnostics, making them highly suited to Industry 4.0 system design.

They are dependable, cost-effective (particularly air-pilot operated), give fast response and consistent control.".

What are the benefits?

Proportional Valves can help reduce cycle times, by quickly achieving a stable pressure. They have a fast, precise response, which will improve efficiency. They also give repeatable control and pressure output, giving an expected response each time.

What are the key considerations for selection?

There are some basic parameters to consider. Firstly, what is being controlled? Pressure, flow or some other characteristic. What input and output pressure range will be required, and at what range of flow rates? What is the likely operating temperature that the Proportional Valve will experience? Are there other environmental considerations, such as a wet and dirty application.

It is important to consider if the process is a static, a step-by-step, or dynamic one. This may very well dictate the response time required and hysteresis performance.

Cost may be a consideration and, as stated, air pilot operated valves are particularly cost-effective.

What are the typical applications?

Proportional Valves are suited to analytical and test instrumentation, process applications such as tensioning, spraying and blow moulding. They are also found in medical and foundry applications. However, they can also be used in many other applications. Please contact us with any specific enquiries.

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The Difference Between Proportional vs. Directional vs. Servo Valves

By Bob Wojcik

Understanding the available technologies in fluid power is imperative in order to design the most efficient, cost effective, and energy saving system. Traditional hydraulic equipment designs used directional control valves almost exclusively.

These directional valves are sometimes referred to as either &#;switching&#; or &#;bang-bang&#; valves and can be used to control flow direction, flow volume and fluid pressure. These valves can be operated by either AC or DC power.

Directional Control Valves

Directional control valves have been commonly referred to as switching valves because they simply direct or &#;switch&#; fluid passing through the valve from the source of flow to one of a selection of available cylinder ports. The flow control variety of valve generally selects an orifice which only allows a specified volume of flow to pass. The specified volume controls the speed of a cylinder or hydraulic motor. Likewise, the pressure control type is used to select a particular pressure setting.

Changing direction, flow or pressure during machine operation with these valves would require a separate individual valve for each direction, flow or pressure desired. The hydraulic circuit would become quite complex very quickly!

Proportional Valves

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The technological solution to these more complex circuits has been the development of proportional valves. These revolutionary valves allow infinite positioning of spools, thus providing infinitely adjustable flow volumes. Either stroke-controlled or force-controlled solenoids are used to achieve the infinite positioning of spools.

This variable positioning allows spools to be designed with metering notches to provide flow/speed control as well as directional control functions all in one valve, instead of requiring separate valves for direction and speed. The other major benefit is when the circuit requires more than one speed. The various speeds are achieved by changing the electrical signal level to deliver the flow/speed required. No additional hydraulic components are required! These proportional directional valves are controlled by DC power.

The proportional controls, used with their associated electronic controls, also add the desirable features of acceleration and deceleration. This offers a variety of machine cycles, safely operated at greater speeds, yet with controlled start and stop characteristics. Regulated acceleration and deceleration result in improved machine overall cycle times and production rates.

Servo Valves

The third type of hydraulic directional control technology is the servo valve. Servo valves are not a new technology as servo valves were first used in the s. Servo valves operate with very high accuracy, very high repeatability, very low hysteresis, and very high frequency response. Servo valves are used in conjunction with more sophisticated electronics and closed loop systems. As a result, servo valves are always much more expensive. A proportional control valve system can be used to improve control of most machines without the high price tag of servo control systems.

Quality Hydraulics & Pneumatics, Inc. offers design, products and systems for all three types: directional, proportional and servo valve control systems. The Certified Fluid Power Specialists at Quality Hydraulics will assist you in selecting the best component, with the most efficient and cost effective solution.

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