What Are the Two Types of Cylindrical Grinding?

Cylindrical grinding is a common precision machining process used to shape and finish cylindrical workpieces. It involves the use of a grinding wheel to remove material from the workpiece's surface and create the desired shape or finish. There are two primary types of cylindrical grinding: plunge grinding and traverse grinding. Let's explore each type in more detail.

Plunge Grinding:

Plunge grinding, also known as infeed grinding, is a cylindrical grinding process where the grinding wheel plunges into the workpiece to remove material. This type of grinding is commonly used for machining operations that require precise dimensions, such as creating cylindrical or tapered features. Here are some key characteristics of plunge grinding:

a. Single or Multiple Plunges: Plunge grinding can involve a single plunge or multiple plunges depending on the desired outcome. In single plunge grinding, the wheel is fed into the workpiece to remove a specific amount of material in one pass. Multiple plunge grinding involves retracting the wheel after each plunge and re-engaging it to remove additional material.

b. Precise Depth Control: Plunge grinding allows for precise control over the depth of cut. This makes it suitable for applications where specific depths or dimensional tolerances need to be achieved.

c. Efficient Material Removal: Plunge grinding is efficient for removing large amounts of material in a short amount of time. It is commonly used for roughing operations where the goal is to remove material quickly before applying finishing processes.

d. Suitable for Long Workpieces: Plunge grinding is well-suited for long workpieces that require grinding along their entire length. The workpiece is typically rotated while the grinding wheel plunges radially into it.

CNC Cylindrical Grinding Machine MP/MA

Traverse Grinding:

Traverse grinding, also referred to as cylindrical traverse grinding or longitudinal grinding, involves the continuous feeding of the workpiece past the rotating grinding wheel. Unlike plunge grinding, the wheel does not plunge into the workpiece. Instead, it moves across the workpiece's surface to remove material gradually. Here are some key characteristics of traverse grinding:

a. Continuous Feeding: In traverse grinding, the workpiece is fed longitudinally while the grinding wheel remains stationary or reciprocates. This feeding motion allows for consistent material removal along the length of the workpiece.

b. Surface Finish and Form Accuracy: Traverse grinding is often used for achieving precise surface finishes and maintaining the desired form of the workpiece. It is commonly employed for finishing operations where material removal is minimal.

c. Versatility: Traverse grinding can be applied to a wide range of workpiece shapes and sizes. It is particularly suitable for cylindrical components that require uniform grinding across their entire length.

d. Reduced Heat Build-up: Compared to plunge grinding, traverse grinding generates less heat. The continuous feeding motion helps dissipate heat, making it suitable for heat-sensitive materials or components that require minimal thermal distortion.

It's worth noting that plunge and traverse grinding can be used in combination or as separate operations, depending on the specific machining requirements. Machinists and engineers select the appropriate type of cylindrical grinding based on factors such as the workpiece material, size, shape, dimensional tolerances, and surface finish requirements.

In conclusion, plunge grinding and traverse grinding are the two primary types of cylindrical grinding. Plunge grinding involves the grinding wheel plunging into the workpiece to remove material, while traverse grinding feeds the workpiece past the grinding wheel. Both methods have their unique advantages and applications, allowing for precise machining and achieving desired surface finishes on cylindrical workpieces. For more information, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

Contents:

1. What is a grinding machine?

2. Types of grinding machines

   2-1. External cylindrical grinding machine

   2-2. Internal cylindrical grinding machine

   2-3. Centerless grinding machine

   2-4. Surface grinding machines

   2-5. Profile grinding machine

   2-6. Tool grinding machine

   2-7. Gear-, Thread- and Jig grinding machine

   2-8. Grinding centers

Key Points of Grinding Machine

' Grinding machines are machine tools that use grinding wheels for machining.

' Grinding machines are often used as a finishing process.

' Cylindrical- and surface grinders have the majority of the market.

1. What is a grinding machine?

A grinding machine is a machine that precisely processes a workpiece by pressing a grinding wheel made of hardened abrasive grains against the workpiece while rotating it. Grinding is the process of machining a workpiece using a grinding wheel, and grinding machines are mainly used as a finishing process.

Grinding machines are used to finish workpieces that have been cut on NC lathes or machining centers (MC) to an even higher precise accuracy. For this reason, they require a higher level of machining accuracy than cutting-type machine tools.

Grinding machines are also utilized to process hardened steel and other hard materials, as well as hard and brittle materials such as glass and ceramics. These materials are difficult to machine with ordinary cutting tools.

During the grinding process, the grinding wheel wears and loses its sharpness. Therefore, grinding machine users need to regularly perform dressing and truing to regain the sharpness of the grinding wheel.

2. Types of grinding machines

There are many types of grinding machines appropriate for the shape of the workpiece to be machined and the method of machining. Representative models include external cylindrical grinding machines, internal cylindrical grinding machines and surface grinding machines.

External cylindrical grinding machines apply a rotating grinding wheel to a rotating cylindrical workpiece and grind the periphery of the workpiece. This type of grinding machines is similar to lathes in that it works on a rotating workpiece, but in cylindrical grinders, the tool, the grinding wheel, rotates as well.

The grinding machine consists of a headstock to mount the workpiece, wheel spindle stock to mount the grinding wheel, carriage, bed, and table.

Grinding methods include 1) plunge, 2) traverse, and 3) taper grinding. Plunge grinding is a process in which the grinding wheel cuts perpendicularly into the workpiece. Traverse grinding is a method in which the workpiece or grinding wheel is moved back and forth from side to side. Taper grinding is a process in which the swiveling table is tilted to finish tapered portions.

Internal cylindrical grinding machines specialize in finishing the internal surface of holes and bores. Both the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel rotate, and the grinding wheel moves to cut into the workpiece to machine the internal surface of the hole. This type of grinders can machine not only the internal surface of the workpiece, but also the end faces.

Internal grinding machines mainly consist of a headstock, wheel spindle stock, carriage, and bed and are similar in basic structure to external cylindrical grinding machines.

Centerless grinding machines grind the periphery of cylindrical workpieces by supporting the workpiece at three points: the grinding wheel, the regulating wheel, and the work rest. External cylindrical grinding machines, like lathes, use a chuck, center, or other holding device to secure the workpiece. In contrast, centerless grinding machines do not require a chuck or center and do not require a center hole, hence the name 'centerless'. This type of grinding machine is powerful for mass-production machining of long, narrow workpieces.

They basically consist of a wheel spindle stock, a regulating wheel stock, a work rest and a bed.

Surface grinding machines are implemented to grind the flat surface of workpieces, utilized to finishing plate or block-shaped workpieces to high precise accuracy. This type of grinders is widely used in the mold and die industry because it excels at machining metal plates.

They basically consist of a grinding wheel head, grinding wheel spindle, table on which the workpiece is mounted, saddle, bed, and column.

Profile grinding machines are machines that use a thin, pointed grinding wheel to create the desired shape while machining the contour of the workpiece. The grinding wheel is a super abrasive wheel made of diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN).

The operator displays the desired contour shape and the shape of the workpiece being machined on a single projector and checks to make sure that the two overlap while machining. This machining method is also called 'copying' because the contour is traced.

Tool grinding machines grind a variety of cutting tools and are implemented for tool manufacturing and regrinding used tools. Target cutting tools include drills, end mills, reamers, and insert tips. These cutting tools often have more complex shapes than the workpieces targeted by general grinding. Tool grinding machines therefore require multi-axis control, such as 5-axis or 6-axis control.

Gear grinding machines are utilized to grind gear tooth grooves. Thread grinding machines are used to grind various thread products, such as ball screws used to drive machine tools. Jig grinding machines grind the inner surfaces of holes in work holding aids called jigs and measuring instruments called gauges.

Grinding centers are MC-based multitasking machines that combine both grinding and cutting in a single machine. Grinding centers have an automatic tool changer (ATC) and can be equipped with multiple axial grinding wheels. In addition to milling, drilling, and other cutting operations, this multitasking machine can also perform grinding operations using axial grinding wheels.

RELATED CONTENT:

TAIYO KOKI releases cylindrical grinder for mass-production

Amada Machinery to release digital profile grinder

Seiko Instruments launches internal grinding machine with improved workability

Okamoto adds 3 models double column type surface grinding machine

Toyo Advanced Technologies develops vertical grinding machine suitable for medium and large bearings

Gear grinding machine faster and more accurate by reviewing the structure

JTEKT release an internal grinder

Plunge Grinding:

Plunge grinding, also known as infeed grinding, is a cylindrical grinding process where the grinding wheel plunges into the workpiece to remove material. This type of grinding is commonly used for machining operations that require precise dimensions, such as creating cylindrical or tapered features. Here are some key characteristics of plunge grinding:

a. Single or Multiple Plunges: Plunge grinding can involve a single plunge or multiple plunges depending on the desired outcome. In single plunge grinding, the wheel is fed into the workpiece to remove a specific amount of material in one pass. Multiple plunge grinding involves retracting the wheel after each plunge and re-engaging it to remove additional material.

b. Precise Depth Control: Plunge grinding allows for precise control over the depth of cut. This makes it suitable for applications where specific depths or dimensional tolerances need to be achieved.

c. Efficient Material Removal: Plunge grinding is efficient for removing large amounts of material in a short amount of time. It is commonly used for roughing operations where the goal is to remove material quickly before applying finishing processes.

d. Suitable for Long Workpieces: Plunge grinding is well-suited for long workpieces that require grinding along their entire length. The workpiece is typically rotated while the grinding wheel plunges radially into it.

CNC Cylindrical Grinding Machine MP/MA

Traverse Grinding:

Traverse grinding, also referred to as cylindrical traverse grinding or longitudinal grinding, involves the continuous feeding of the workpiece past the rotating grinding wheel. Unlike plunge grinding, the wheel does not plunge into the workpiece. Instead, it moves across the workpiece's surface to remove material gradually. Here are some key characteristics of traverse grinding:

a. Continuous Feeding: In traverse grinding, the workpiece is fed longitudinally while the grinding wheel remains stationary or reciprocates. This feeding motion allows for consistent material removal along the length of the workpiece.

b. Surface Finish and Form Accuracy: Traverse grinding is often used for achieving precise surface finishes and maintaining the desired form of the workpiece. It is commonly employed for finishing operations where material removal is minimal.

c. Versatility: Traverse grinding can be applied to a wide range of workpiece shapes and sizes. It is particularly suitable for cylindrical components that require uniform grinding across their entire length.

d. Reduced Heat Build-up: Compared to plunge grinding, traverse grinding generates less heat. The continuous feeding motion helps dissipate heat, making it suitable for heat-sensitive materials or components that require minimal thermal distortion.

It's worth noting that plunge and traverse grinding can be used in combination or as separate operations, depending on the specific machining requirements. Machinists and engineers select the appropriate type of cylindrical grinding based on factors such as the workpiece material, size, shape, dimensional tolerances, and surface finish requirements.

In conclusion, plunge grinding and traverse grinding are the two primary types of cylindrical grinding. Plunge grinding involves the grinding wheel plunging into the workpiece to remove material, while traverse grinding feeds the workpiece past the grinding wheel. Both methods have their unique advantages and applications, allowing for precise machining and achieving desired surface finishes on cylindrical workpieces. For more information, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

Contents:

1. What is a grinding machine?

2. Types of grinding machines

   2-1. External cylindrical grinding machine

   2-2. Internal cylindrical grinding machine

   2-3. Centerless grinding machine

   2-4. Surface grinding machines

   2-5. Profile grinding machine

   2-6. Tool grinding machine

   2-7. Gear-, Thread- and Jig grinding machine

   2-8. Grinding centers

Key Points of Grinding Machine

' Grinding machines are machine tools that use grinding wheels for machining.

' Grinding machines are often used as a finishing process.

' Cylindrical- and surface grinders have the majority of the market.

1. What is a grinding machine?

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A grinding machine is a machine that precisely processes a workpiece by pressing a grinding wheel made of hardened abrasive grains against the workpiece while rotating it. Grinding is the process of machining a workpiece using a grinding wheel, and grinding machines are mainly used as a finishing process.

Grinding machines are used to finish workpieces that have been cut on NC lathes or machining centers (MC) to an even higher precise accuracy. For this reason, they require a higher level of machining accuracy than cutting-type machine tools.

Grinding machines are also utilized to process hardened steel and other hard materials, as well as hard and brittle materials such as glass and ceramics. These materials are difficult to machine with ordinary cutting tools.

During the grinding process, the grinding wheel wears and loses its sharpness. Therefore, grinding machine users need to regularly perform dressing and truing to regain the sharpness of the grinding wheel.

2. Types of grinding machines

There are many types of grinding machines appropriate for the shape of the workpiece to be machined and the method of machining. Representative models include external cylindrical grinding machines, internal cylindrical grinding machines and surface grinding machines.

External cylindrical grinding machines apply a rotating grinding wheel to a rotating cylindrical workpiece and grind the periphery of the workpiece. This type of grinding machines is similar to lathes in that it works on a rotating workpiece, but in cylindrical grinders, the tool, the grinding wheel, rotates as well.

The grinding machine consists of a headstock to mount the workpiece, wheel spindle stock to mount the grinding wheel, carriage, bed, and table.

Grinding methods include 1) plunge, 2) traverse, and 3) taper grinding. Plunge grinding is a process in which the grinding wheel cuts perpendicularly into the workpiece. Traverse grinding is a method in which the workpiece or grinding wheel is moved back and forth from side to side. Taper grinding is a process in which the swiveling table is tilted to finish tapered portions.

Internal cylindrical grinding machines specialize in finishing the internal surface of holes and bores. Both the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel rotate, and the grinding wheel moves to cut into the workpiece to machine the internal surface of the hole. This type of grinders can machine not only the internal surface of the workpiece, but also the end faces.

Internal grinding machines mainly consist of a headstock, wheel spindle stock, carriage, and bed and are similar in basic structure to external cylindrical grinding machines.

Centerless grinding machines grind the periphery of cylindrical workpieces by supporting the workpiece at three points: the grinding wheel, the regulating wheel, and the work rest. External cylindrical grinding machines, like lathes, use a chuck, center, or other holding device to secure the workpiece. In contrast, centerless grinding machines do not require a chuck or center and do not require a center hole, hence the name 'centerless'. This type of grinding machine is powerful for mass-production machining of long, narrow workpieces.

They basically consist of a wheel spindle stock, a regulating wheel stock, a work rest and a bed.

Surface grinding machines are implemented to grind the flat surface of workpieces, utilized to finishing plate or block-shaped workpieces to high precise accuracy. This type of grinders is widely used in the mold and die industry because it excels at machining metal plates.

They basically consist of a grinding wheel head, grinding wheel spindle, table on which the workpiece is mounted, saddle, bed, and column.

Profile grinding machines are machines that use a thin, pointed grinding wheel to create the desired shape while machining the contour of the workpiece. The grinding wheel is a super abrasive wheel made of diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN).

The operator displays the desired contour shape and the shape of the workpiece being machined on a single projector and checks to make sure that the two overlap while machining. This machining method is also called 'copying' because the contour is traced.

Tool grinding machines grind a variety of cutting tools and are implemented for tool manufacturing and regrinding used tools. Target cutting tools include drills, end mills, reamers, and insert tips. These cutting tools often have more complex shapes than the workpieces targeted by general grinding. Tool grinding machines therefore require multi-axis control, such as 5-axis or 6-axis control.

Gear grinding machines are utilized to grind gear tooth grooves. Thread grinding machines are used to grind various thread products, such as ball screws used to drive machine tools. Jig grinding machines grind the inner surfaces of holes in work holding aids called jigs and measuring instruments called gauges.

Grinding centers are MC-based multitasking machines that combine both grinding and cutting in a single machine. Grinding centers have an automatic tool changer (ATC) and can be equipped with multiple axial grinding wheels. In addition to milling, drilling, and other cutting operations, this multitasking machine can also perform grinding operations using axial grinding wheels.

RELATED CONTENT:

TAIYO KOKI releases cylindrical grinder for mass-production

Amada Machinery to release digital profile grinder

Seiko Instruments launches internal grinding machine with improved workability

Okamoto adds 3 models double column type surface grinding machine

Toyo Advanced Technologies develops vertical grinding machine suitable for medium and large bearings

Gear grinding machine faster and more accurate by reviewing the structure

JTEKT release an internal grinder

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