What are the forging methods of titanium materials?

Titanium forging is a forming processing method where external force is applied to titanium metal blanks (excluding plates) to cause plastic deformation, alter dimensions, shape, and improve performance, thereby creating mechanical parts, workpieces, tools, or blanks. The movement of the slider in forging operations can be vertical or horizontal, and it may include lubrication and cooling for slender parts and high-speed production parts. Additional compensation devices can add movement in other directions. Different methods necessitate varying forging forces, processes, material utilization rates, output, dimensional tolerances, and lubrication and cooling techniques. These factors influence the level of automation in the forging process.

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Titanium forging methods can be categorized based on the movement of the billet. These methods include free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, and closed upsetting forging. In closed die forging and closed upsetting, the material utilization rate is high due to the absence of flash. This allows complex forgings to be finished in one or several processes, reducing the force-bearing area and lowering the required load. However, it is crucial to control the billet volume and the relative position of the forging die to minimize die wear.

Additionally, based on the movement of the forging die, methods such as pendulum rolling, pendulum swivel forging, roll forging, cross wedge rolling, ring rolling, and cross rolling are used. Techniques like rotary forging and ring rolling can also be processed through precision forging. Roll forging and cross rolling are pre-processes for slender materials, and rotary forging allows partial forming even with smaller forging forces. In such methods, material expansion from the die surface to the free surface can undermine accuracy; thus, precision methods are employed for complex, high-precision products like steam turbine blades.

To achieve high precision, it’s essential to prevent overload at the bottom dead center and control speed and mold positioning, as these aspects affect forging tolerances, shape accuracy, and die life. Additional measures such as adjusting slider guide rail clearance, ensuring rigidity, adjusting the bottom dead center, and using auxiliary transmission devices should be implemented to maintain accuracy.

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Titanium forging materials primarily consist of pure titanium and various titanium alloys. The initial forms of titanium materials include rods, ingots, metal powders, and liquid metals. The forging ratio, defined as the cross-sectional area ratio before and after deformation, is crucial for enhancing product quality and reducing costs. Round or square bars are typically used as blanks for small and medium-sized forgings due to their uniform grain structure and mechanical properties, accurate shape and size, good surface quality, and ease of mass production. Proper control of heating temperature and deformation conditions ensures the forging of high-performance products without excessive deformation.

Apart from the products listed below, other available metal products are not listed here. Other metal products USTi can manufacture and supply include Tantalum, Niobium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Nickel, Copper etc., which are mainly in the form of Plate, Bar and Tube.

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