How does a LNG Double-Layer Storage Tank work?

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has become increasingly popular as a clean and efficient energy source in recent years. In order to store and transport LNG safely, double-layer storage tanks are commonly used. These tanks are designed to keep the LNG at incredibly low temperatures, while also providing an added layer of protection to prevent leaks or spills. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at how LNG double-layer storage tanks work and why they are essential for the LNG industry.

To understand how a LNG double-layer storage tank works, it is important to first understand the properties of LNG. LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to around -162 degrees Celsius (-260 degrees Fahrenheit) to convert it into a liquid state. This cooling process reduces the volume of the gas by around 600 times, making it easier to transport and store. However, this extreme cold temperature requires specialized storage tanks to keep the LNG in its liquid form.

A double-layer storage tank consists of an inner tank that holds the LNG and an outer tank that acts as a protective barrier. The space between the inner and outer tanks, known as the annular space, is filled with insulation material to prevent heat transfer and maintain the low temperature of the LNG. This insulation material is typically made of perlite or foam glass, which have excellent insulating properties even at extremely low temperatures.

The inner tank is where the LNG is stored and is made of materials that can withstand the low temperatures and pressure of the liquefied gas. Common materials used for LNG storage tanks include stainless steel, carbon steel, or nickel alloys. The inner tank is designed with special safety features, such as pressure relief valves and emergency shut-off valves, to prevent overpressure or leaks in case of a malfunction.

The outer tank provides an additional layer of protection for the LNG storage system. It acts as a secondary containment system to prevent any leaks or spills from reaching the environment. The outer tank is also made of durable materials, such as carbon steel or concrete, and is designed to withstand the harsh conditions of the surrounding environment.

One of the key features of a double-layer storage tank is its ability to maintain the low temperature of the LNG. This is achieved by the insulation material in the annular space, which minimizes heat transfer from the surrounding environment to the LNG. The insulation material acts as a thermal barrier, reducing thermal losses and ensuring that the LNG remains in its liquid state.

In addition to the insulation material, double-layer storage tanks are equipped with vapor barriers to prevent the escape of any gas vapors from the LNG. These vapor barriers help to maintain the integrity of the storage system and prevent any environmental hazards or safety risks.

Overall, LNG double-layer storage tanks play a crucial role in the LNG industry by providing a safe and efficient way to store and transport liquefied natural gas. These tanks are designed with advanced technology and safety features to ensure that the LNG remains at the desired temperature and pressure, while also protecting the environment from any potential leaks or spills.

In conclusion, LNG double-layer storage tanks are essential for the safe and effective storage of liquefied natural gas. These tanks work by utilizing insulation materials, vapor barriers, and safety features to maintain the low temperature and pressure of the LNG, while also providing an added layer of protection against leaks or spills. By understanding how these tanks work, we can appreciate the importance of their role in the LNG industry and the ongoing efforts to ensure the safe and sustainable use of LNG as an energy source.

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