Dec. 30, 2024
Glass wool products for sandwich walls are divided into two types: glass wool felt and glass wool board. The surface of the felt or board can be coated with black glue or adhered with a layer of black (source: China Insulation Network) glass fiber felt for reinforcement. It is suitable for commercial use. , Thermal insulation of double walls in industrial and public buildings.
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Glass wool products for sandwich walls can provide you with the following benefits: Prevent condensation, reduce wall weight, increase use area, save energy, increase comfort, sound insulation, and fire prevention.
Centrifugal glass wool has good sound absorption performance for mid-to-high-frequency sound. The main factors affecting the sound absorption performance of centrifugal glass wool are thickness, density and air flow resistance. Density is the weight of material per cubic meter. Air flow resistance is the ratio of air pressure and air velocity on both sides of the material per unit thickness. Air flow resistance is the most important factor affecting the sound absorption performance of centrifugal glass wool. If the flow resistance is too small, it means that the material is sparse and the air vibration is easy to pass through, and the sound absorption performance is reduced; if the flow resistance is too large, it means that the material is dense, the air vibration is difficult to transmit, and the sound absorption performance is also reduced.
For centrifugal glass wool, the sound absorption performance has the best flow resistance. In actual engineering, it is difficult to measure air flow resistance, but it can be roughly estimated and controlled by thickness and bulk density.
With the increase of thickness, the sound absorption coefficient of medium and low frequency increases significantly, but the high frequency changes little (high frequency absorption is always larger).
When the thickness is unchanged, the bulk density increases, and the sound absorption coefficient of mid-low frequency also increases; but when the bulk density increases to a certain level, the material becomes dense, the flow resistance is greater than the optimal flow resistance, and the sound absorption coefficient decreases instead. For centrifugal glass wool with a bulk density of 16Kg/m3 and a thickness of more than 5cm, the low frequency 125Hz is about 0.2, and the medium and high frequency (>500Hz) sound absorption coefficient is close to 1.
When the thickness continues to increase from 5cm, the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient gradually increases. When the thickness is greater than 1m, the low-frequency 125Hz sound absorption coefficient will also be close to 1. When the thickness is constant and the bulk density increases, the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient of centrifugal glass wool will continue to increase. When the bulk density is close to 110kg/m3, the sound absorption performance reaches its maximum value, which is close to 0.6-0.7 at a thickness of 50mm and a frequency of 125Hz. When the bulk density exceeds 120kg/m3, the sound absorption performance decreases because the material becomes dense, and the mid- and high-frequency sound absorption performance is greatly affected. When the bulk density exceeds 300kg/m3, the sound absorption performance decreases a lot.
The thickness of sound-absorbing glass wool commonly used in architectural acoustics is 2.5cm, 5cm, 10cm, and its bulk density is 16, 24, 32, 48, 80, 96, 112kg/m3. Usually use 5cm thick, 12-48kg/m3 centrifugal glass wool.
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When selecting glass wool for insulation and other applications, key factors such as national standards, thickness, density, material thermal resistance, and acoustic performance play a crucial role.
1. National Standards
National standards ensure the quality, safety, and performance of glass wool. Different countries and regions have established guidelines to regulate the use of glass wool in various applications.
China: GB/T standard applies to glass wool products used for thermal and sound insulation in buildings.
Europe: EN defines specifications for mineral wool (glass wool included) used for thermal insulation in buildings, ensuring compliance with energy efficiency requirements.
United States: ASTM C553 outlines the specifications for mineral fiber blankets, including glass wool, focusing on thermal resistance, mechanical properties, and fire performance.
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS standard covers thermal insulation materials, ensuring the right R-values and safety in use.
2. Glass Wool Felt Thickness
Glass wool felt is available in different thicknesses to suit various insulation needs. Thicker materials provide better thermal insulation but may be more challenging to install in tight spaces.
Common Thickness Options:
25&#;50 mm: Suitable for internal walls, ceilings, and floors in residential buildings.
75&#;100 mm: Ideal for external walls and roofs in commercial buildings.
150&#;200 mm: Primarily used in industrial applications or areas requiring heavy-duty insulation, such as cold storage and warehouses.
3. Density Selection
Density plays a significant role in the thermal resistance and acoustic performance of glass wool. Higher-density glass wool provides better insulation and soundproofing but may be more expensive and difficult to handle.
Density and Its Impact on Performance:
Low-density (10&#;20 kg/m³): Used for applications where light insulation and soundproofing are sufficient, such as ceilings in residential buildings.
Medium-density (24&#;32 kg/m³): Suitable for walls, partitions, and moderate insulation needs in commercial spaces.
High-density (40&#;48 kg/m³): Necessary for industrial applications, including HVAC insulation, machinery, and areas requiring fire resistance.
4. Specifications and Span
Glass wool comes in a variety of lengths, widths, and roll spans depending on the thickness and density.
Roll Width: Typically available in 600 mm to mm widths to match standard wall and ceiling framing dimensions.
Length/Span: Lengths can range from 5 meters to 30 meters depending on the material thickness and intended coverage area.
Using longer spans helps reduce seams and gaps, improving insulation efficiency.
5. Glass Wool Thickness and Material Thermal Resistance
The thickness and thermal resistance value, also known as the R-value, of glass wool determine its ability to prevent heat transfer. A higher R-value corresponds to better insulation performance.
R-Values for Glass Wool:
R-1.5 to R-2.5: Used in walls and floors of residential buildings.
R-3.0 to R-4.0: Applied in external walls and roofs of commercial buildings.
R-5.0 and above: Required for industrial settings and cold storage areas needing high thermal resistance.
The R-value depends on both the thickness and the density of the material. For example, a thicker glass wool with a lower density can achieve a similar R-value to a thinner, denser glass wool.
6. Acoustic Performance
In addition to thermal resistance, glass wool's density and thickness affect its ability to absorb sound. The higher the density and thickness, the better the material's NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient), which indicates its sound-absorbing capacity.
NRC Ratings Based on Density:
Low-density (10&#;20 kg/m³): Provides basic soundproofing in residential buildings.
Medium-density (24&#;32 kg/m³): Suitable for office partitions, commercial spaces, and areas needing moderate noise control.
High-density (40&#;48 kg/m³): Used in industrial applications or places requiring significant noise reduction, such as studios or machinery rooms.
7. Application Scenarios of Glass Wool
Glass wool is widely used in various sectors due to its versatility in thermal insulation, soundproofing, and fire resistance. Different specifications are required depending on the application:
Residential Buildings: Light- to medium-density(10&#;32 kg/m³) with a thickness of 25&#;100 mm is commonly used for walls, ceilings, and floors, providing adequate thermal insulation and soundproofing.
Commercial Buildings: Medium-density glass wool (24&#;32 kg/m³) with 50&#;150 mm thickness is typically applied in external walls, roofs, and partitions, ensuring proper energy efficiency and noise control.
Industrial Applications: High-density glass wool (40&#;48 kg/m³) with 100&#;200 mm thickness is essential in high-temperature environments, such as machinery insulation, HVAC systems, and areas requiring significant fire resistance.
Cold Storage and Refrigeration: Very thick glass wool, 150&#;200 mm, is used to maintain low temperatures in cold storage facilities, offering high thermal resistance and energy efficiency.
8. Summary of Specification Selection
When selecting the specifications for glass wool, consider the following:
Veneer materials for glass wool are essential as they provide additional protection, enhance insulation performance, and improve aesthetics. These materials are applied as outer layers (facings) on glass wool to protect it from moisture, mechanical damage, and to improve its handling and installation. Below are the common veneer materials used for glass wool:
1. Aluminum Foil
Properties: Highly reflective and durable.
Benefits: Acts as a radiant barrier, improving thermal insulation performance by reflecting heat. It also provides moisture resistance, preventing condensation and corrosion.
Applications: Commonly used in HVAC systems, industrial insulation, and cold storage where temperature control is crucial.
2. Glass Cloth
Properties: Heat-resistant, durable, and flexible.
Benefits: Offers enhanced fire resistance and can withstand high temperatures. It is often used to reinforce the structure of the glass wool and improve its durability in harsh environments.
Applications: Suitable for industrial applications like pipe insulation, furnace insulation, and areas exposed to high temperatures.
3. Kraft Paper
Properties: Lightweight and economical.
Benefits: Acts as a vapor barrier, protecting the glass wool from moisture infiltration. It also helps in maintaining the shape of the insulation during installation.
Applications: Common in residential and commercial building insulation, particularly in walls and roofs.
4. Polyethylene (PE) Film
Properties: Waterproof and flexible.
Benefits: Provides a strong moisture barrier and improves the durability of the glass wool insulation by preventing water damage. PE film is lightweight and easy to handle, making it suitable for quick installations.
Applications: Often used in roofing and walls where moisture protection is essential.
5. Bitumen Felt (Asphalt-coated paper)
Properties: Moisture-resistant and robust.
Benefits: Known for its excellent water resistance, bitumen felt is used to shield the glass wool from water exposure. It also improves the insulation's structural integrity and weather resistance.
Applications: Frequently used in roofing and external wall insulation where weatherproofing is required.
6. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Properties: Strong, durable, and resistant to chemicals.
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Benefits: Provides a smooth, durable finish and protects against chemical exposure, making it a good choice for industrial and marine applications. It also offers moisture resistance.
Applications: Used in areas where glass wool may come into contact with chemicals, such as industrial insulation for tanks, pipes, and ducts.
7. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GRP)
Properties: Rigid, durable, and fire-resistant.
Benefits: Provides enhanced mechanical strength and resistance to impact, weathering, and fire. GRP is lightweight but strong, making it suitable for demanding environments.
Applications: Common in industrial settings and places where fire resistance and durability are essential, like in mechanical or chemical plants.
8. Polypropylene (PP) Cloth
Properties: Lightweight, durable, and tear-resistant.
Benefits: Offers excellent mechanical strength and is resistant to moisture. PP cloth is flexible and easy to install, often used to protect the glass wool and enhance its longevity.
Applications: Common in external wall insulation and environments exposed to moisture.
9. Mylar (Polyester Film)
Properties: Durable, heat-resistant, and reflective.
Benefits: Mylar offers excellent heat and moisture resistance and enhances the insulation's thermal performance by reflecting radiant heat.
Applications: Used in thermal insulation applications where temperature regulation is key, such as in HVAC systems and cold storage.
10. Foil Scrim Kraft (FSK)
Properties: A composite of aluminum foil, reinforcing scrim, and kraft paper.
Benefits: Provides a strong vapor barrier while offering mechanical strength. FSK is fire-retardant, moisture-resistant, and highly reflective, making it ideal for improving thermal insulation.
Applications: Frequently used in HVAC systems, duct insulation, and other thermal insulation applications.
1. Standard Glass Wool
Maximum Operating Temperature: 250°C to 300°C
Description: Standard glass wool is commonly used for insulation in buildings and HVAC systems. It can withstand temperatures up to 250°C&#;300°C, making it ideal for insulation in non-extreme high-temperature environments.
Applications: Residential and commercial building insulation (walls, ceilings, roofs), HVAC ducts, and plumbing systems.
2. High-Temperature Glass Wool
Maximum Operating Temperature: 450°C to 550°C
Description: High-Temperature Glass Wool is designed for environments with high thermal requirements and can withstand temperatures up to 450°C&#;550°C. This material is treated with additional adhesives or coated with high-temperature resistant materials to increase its thermal stability.
Applications: Industrial insulation, boilers, furnaces, kilns, and high-temperature exhaust systems.
3. Glass Wool with Aluminum Foil
Maximum Operating Temperature: 150°C to 250°C
Description: Glass wool with aluminum foil has a lower maximum operating temperature due to the presence of aluminum foil, usually with a limit temperature of about 150°C&#;250°C. Aluminum foil acts as a radiation barrier, but is not as heat resistant as glass wool itself.
Applications: HVAC duct insulation, refrigeration, and environments requiring radiant heat protection.
4. Glass Wool with Glass Cloth Facer
Maximum Operating Temperature: 400°C to 550°C
Description: When glass wool is reinforced with a glass cloth facer, it can withstand higher temperatures. The glass cloth enhances the mechanical and fire resistance of the wool, allowing it to perform effectively in industrial environments.
Applications: High-temperature pipes, industrial furnaces, and machinery insulation.
5. Glass Wool with FSK (Foil Kraft) Facer
Maximum Operating Temperature: 120°C to 150°C
Description: Glass wool with an FSK facer (a combination of aluminum foil, scrim, and kraft paper) has a lower maximum temperature limit. FSK is primarily used for radiant heat reflection and vapor barrier, making it suitable for applications with moderate temperature requirements.
Applications: HVAC ducts, pipe insulation, and areas where vapor control and moderate thermal insulation are required.
6. Loose-fill glass wool
Maximum service temperature: 300°C to 400°C
Description: Loose-fill glass wool is commonly used for blown-in insulation in attics and wall cavities, and the maximum service temperature is generally 300°C&#;400°C. It provides effective thermal and acoustic insulation, but may be more susceptible to displacement at higher temperatures than rigid forms.
Applications: Attic insulation, cavity wall insulation, and other areas where flexible or blown-in insulation is required.
7. Glass wool soundproofing material
Maximum service temperature: 150°C to 250°C
Description: Glass wool specifically used for soundproofing purposes is generally less temperature resistant because its primary function is soundproofing properties rather than thermal insulation. However, it still has reasonable thermal stability.
Applications: Soundproof walls, ceilings, studios, and office partitions.
8. High-density glass wool
Maximum operating temperature: 500°C to 550°C
Description: High-density glass wool is designed for industrial and high-performance insulation. Its higher density provides better structural integrity, thermal insulation and fire resistance, making it suitable for extreme temperature applications.
Applications: High-temperature industrial equipment, furnaces, power plants, and areas with strict fire safety requirements.
The fire rating of glass wool is determined through a series of standardized tests that evaluate its burning behavior, heat release, smoke production, and other fire-related characteristics. These tests ensure that glass wool meets specific fire safety standards required for different applications, such as buildings, industrial facilities, and transportation systems.
1. Flame Performance Test (Flame Spread Test)
This test evaluates how the material performs when exposed to a direct flame. Glass wool is generally considered non-flammable or low-flammable, depending on the binder used in its manufacturing process.
Test Method: The flame performance test exposes the glass wool to a flame and observes its reaction. Key factors evaluated include flame spread rate, ignition time, and the ability to self-extinguish after the heat source is removed.
Standards: EN -1 (European standard) and ASTM E84 (American standard) are widely used to determine the fire rating of building materials. Glass wool generally achieves Class A1 (non-flammable) or Class A2 (low-flammability) under EN -1 and Class A under ASTM E84.
Result: Glass wool is very suitable for fire protection because it is composed of inorganic fibers, is not easy to ignite and has excellent flame retardant properties.
2. Heat Generation Test (Exothermic Test)
The calorific value test measures the amount of heat released by glass wool when it encounters fire. The lower the heat released, the better the fire protection performance because it reduces the possibility of flame spread.
Test Method: The material is exposed to heat and the energy released during combustion is measured. It is expressed in MJ/kg (megajoules per kilogram) to indicate the energy content of the material.
Standard: ISO or EN ISO are commonly used standards for calorific value and heat release. Non-combustible materials such as glass wool tend to release very little heat when exposed to fire.
Result: Glass wool generally has a low calorific value, especially those products that do not contain organic binders, which makes it a safe insulation material with minimal contribution to the spread of fire.
3. Smoke Generation Characteristics Test
Smoke generation is an important aspect of fire safety because toxic and dense smoke can cause more harm than the fire itself. This test measures the amount and density of smoke produced by glass wool when exposed to fire.
Test Method: The material is exposed to flame or heat, and the amount of smoke produced is recorded and measured. This test evaluates optical density (how much smoke obscures vision) and toxicity.
Standards: EN and ASTM E662 are used for smoke generation testing. In EN -1, smoke generation is classified into S1 (low smoke generation), S2 and S3 (high smoke generation).
Result: Glass wool generally achieves an S1 classification, indicating very low smoke generation. This is due to its inorganic nature, which limits the emission of harmful dense smoke when exposed to fire.
4. Drip Test
This test evaluates whether molten material or burning droplets will fall from the insulation material when exposed to fire. Burning droplets may ignite other materials and further spread the fire, so this test is essential to determine safety in fire-critical environments.
Test Method: A sample of glass wool is placed in a flame and observed for burning droplets or molten material dripping from the insulation material. This is especially important for materials installed on high ledges such as ceilings or pipes.
Standard: The EN -1 standard includes classifications for dripping behavior: D0 (no dripping), D1 (some dripping) and D2 (substantial dripping).
Result: Glass wool typically achieves a D0 rating, meaning it does not produce burning dripping. This makes it safer in fire situations, especially when used in elevated applications.
5. European Fire Classification (EN -1)
In Europe, the EN -1 standard is used to classify the fire performance of building materials, including glass wool. The classification system takes into account a variety of factors, including flammability, heat release, smoke production and dripping.
Classification system:
Glass wool performance: Glass wool usually achieves A1 or A2 ratings, which means it is non-combustible or has very limited flammability, with s1 indicating smoke production and d0 indicating no burning dripping.
6. ASTM Fire Performance Standards
In the United States, various ASTM standards are used to determine the fire performance of materials such as glass wool:
Glass wool performance: Generally exhibits low flame spread and low smoke production in ASTM tests, making it a fire-resistant material.
The development of glass wool in China began in the s, when it was initially imported for industrial insulation. Domestic production began in the s, but it was not until the rapid industrialization of the s that glass wool saw significant growth, driven by technological advances and growing construction and industrial demand. By the s, glass wool became key to energy-efficient construction, with improved fire safety and heat resistance in line with China's green building initiatives. Today, China is a global leader in glass wool production, with advanced manufacturing technology and a strong focus on energy conservation and sustainable development.
IKING GROUP established in , a professional manufacturer and exporter of Glass Wool, Rock Wool, Ceramic fiber wool, Rubber Foam Insulation in China. After more than 25 years' development, we totally have 13 producing lines for glass wool insulation, 8 producing lines for Rock Mineral Wool Insulation and more than 30 producing lines for rubber foam insulation. Now we have our own brand ISOKING, FIRSTFLEX, KINGWOOL which are popular due to the high quality and competitive price all over the world.Our headquarters located in Tianjin city, which is one of the largest seaport in north china and has offered a good external condition for developing our company. Now we have our joint-stock factories which are located in Tianjin, Langfang, Shijiazhuang, Anhui, Jiangsu cities.
Glass wool insulation is a highly effective solution for residential buildings during winter, offering a range of benefits that enhance comfort and energy efficiency.
1. Thermal Insulation Performance
Glass wool boasts exceptional thermal insulation performance, characterized by its high R-value, which measures resistance to heat flow. The material's fibrous structure traps air within its network of fine glass fibers, significantly reducing heat transfer. This quality ensures that indoor warmth remains trapped inside, preventing the cold air from infiltrating the home. As a result, homes equipped with glass wool insulation can maintain comfortable indoor temperatures even in the harshest winter conditions.
2. Maintaining Indoor Temperature Stability
One of the primary benefits of glass wool is its ability to maintain indoor temperature stability. By effectively insulating against heat loss, glass wool helps create a consistent and comfortable living environment. This stability minimizes the fluctuations in indoor temperatures, ensuring that spaces remain warm and cozy without excessive reliance on heating systems. Consequently, homeowners can enjoy a comfortable atmosphere while reducing energy consumption.
3. Multiple Filling Positions
Glass wool is incredibly versatile, allowing for installation in a variety of filling positions throughout the home. It can be used in walls, roofs, attics, and floors, ensuring comprehensive insulation coverage. This flexibility enables builders and homeowners to target specific areas of heat loss, making it an ideal choice for diverse architectural designs. The ease of installation in various locations maximizes the thermal performance of the entire building envelope.
4. Reducing the Cold Bridge Effect
Another significant advantage of glass wool insulation is its effectiveness in reducing the cold bridge effect. Cold bridges occur when thermal energy escapes through less insulated components, such as structural elements or poorly insulated junctions. By using glass wool to insulate these areas, homeowners can create a continuous thermal barrier, minimizing localized heat loss. This helps prevent uncomfortable drafts and improves overall energy efficiency, contributing to lower heating costs.
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