Jun. 10, 2024
Machinery
When it comes to ensuring the safety of electrical equipment, there are multiple routes for compliance. Electronics intended for use in the European Union can be certified according to the Low Voltage Directive and other applicable EU harmonised standards. Alternatively, compliance can be ensured according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) CB Scheme. This guide explains CE marking and CB certification for electrical equipment, highlights important regulatory changes and considers the pros and cons of each approach. Let&#;s get to it:
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CE marking is obligatory for all products that fall under the health and safety directives established by the European Union. Once CE-certified, products can be sold and distributed freely within the European Union. Electrical appliances fall under the scope of such directives and must therefore bear the CE mark in order to be sold in the EU. Let&#;s have a closer look at applicable EU directives when CE marking electronics.
The Low Voltage Directive /35/EU (LVD) is considered the &#;overarching&#; EU directive for electronics since it is applicable to a wide range of products, including:
The LVD aims to ensure that electrical equipment within the following voltage limits is safe to use:
If your electrical equipment falls under the scope of the LVD, you may only affix the CE mark when your product is in accordance with the requirements outlined in the directive. You must also conduct a risk assessment and document this in your technical file.
Keep in mind that electronics are likely to fall under the scope of multiple directives. For example, electrical products which incorporate radio or Bluetooth functions may be subjected to the Radio Equipment Directive /53/EU (RED). Other directives that are relevant to electrical devices or components include:
All electric devices are subject to electromagnetic interference: they influence each other when interconnected or placed closely beside one another. Think, for example, of the potential static on a or television when another appliance is running nearby. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Directive /30/EU exists to control the effects of electromagnetic interference by outlining the techniques and technologies which must be used to reduce such disturbances. All electrical equipment must comply with EMC requirements before being placed on the market. In short, the EMC:
When CE marking electronics, producers often have questions about the multiple RoHS directives. RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. The RoHS I restricts the use of ten hazardous materials when manufacturing electronics and electrical equipment.
Restrictions for additional substances have been added since the RoHS I took effect: in , the first amendment was made in the form of the Directive /65/EU (RoHS II). In , the Directive (EU) /863 (RoHS III) added four additional restricted substances to the list, namely:
If your product falls under the scope of the RoHS, it is important to note that the RoHS II and RoHS III are not replacements, but amendments to the initial directive. You must account for the standards outlined in the original RoHS directive and ensure that your product complies with the additional substance restrictions outlined in RoHS II and RoHS III. The RoHS mark is also widely used voluntarily in other regions of the world as proof of compliant substances.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an organisation which outlines global standards for electrical and electronic products. The IEC has established an arrangement for the mutual acceptance of test reports in the field of electrical and electronic equipment: the IECEE Certification Body (CB) Scheme.
Certifying according to the CB Scheme has several benefits:
The CB Scheme can be seen as a product passport for the world. It offers the potential of performing one test and certification to obtain one or more national certification marks in one go. Each National Certification Body (NCB) will recognize test reports issued by one another, so that you (the manufacturer) do not need to get a product re-tested if you want to use a particular certifying body&#;s test mark on that product.
A new standard, IEC -1, has replaced the following global safety standards for information and communication technology (ICT) equipment and audio-visual (AV) equipment in both Europe and the United States:
Increased technological advancements are blurring the line between &#;traditional&#; AV and ICT equipment. The IEC has therefore drafted the IEC -1 to act as an overarching standard that is applicable to both electronic equipment and IT/communications technology. The standard introduces a new, hazard-based philosophy to product testing, placing more emphasis evaluating product safety in the design phase.
Currently, the IEC -1 standard has been embraced in both Europe and the United States. Given that Europe and the US represent significant markets for products falling under the purview of IEC -1, it is foreseeable that the rest of the world will also adopt these modifications.
After having explored both CE marking & CB Certification for electrical equipment, the question remains: which is the best approach for certifying your electrical equipment? Let&#;s consider the benefits and potential drawbacks of both.
CB scheme certification according to IEC -1 provides more flexibility in product design and evaluation without requiring more frequent revisions. Since it acts as a passport for other international certifications, it can be hugely beneficial to certify according to the CB scheme if you are planning to access multiple markets in a short timeframe.
The CB scheme and IEC -1 standard, while aiming to enhance product safety, have potential downsides. These include complexity in compliance, transition periods, testing and certification costs, product redesign needs, challenges in market access, training requirements, documentation demands, and risks of non-compliance. Despite these challenges, the standards are designed to ensure high safety standards for products, and many manufacturers consider the long-term benefits of compliance to outweigh the initial difficulties and costs.
CE marking electronics according to the LVD and other applicable EU harmonised standards could therefore mean a lower cost and shorter timeframe than with the CB scheme (depending on your product). Another benefit of the LVD is that the manufacturer is responsible for the certification procedure: they can carry out the required conformity assessments without a Notified Body. Compliance with the CB scheme is only possible through the use of test labs and certification bodies.
The downside of CE marking for electrical equipment is that it is only applicable for products sold in the European Union. As increasingly more producers, importers, manufacturers and designers begin to acknowledge IEC standards as reputable indicators of product safety, applying the CB scheme from the start could lower barriers for international market access in the long run.
In summary, the certification process is different for every product. If you are unsure whether CE marking or CB certification is best for your electrical product, contact us. Our experts will guide you through the entire certification process, ensuring quick market access for products that meet the highest safety standards.
Today to talk about the battery inside #thecellassemblytechnology, in the power battery faction technology discussion, in the end is the choice of cylindrical soft package or square, the controversy has been ongoing, similar technical controversy also appeared in the cell manufacturing feasibility level.
For lithium batteries interrupt the assembly process of the core, there are two different technologies in the competition, that is, #thelaminatedsheet and #windingprocess. These two processes compete with each other in terms of the space utilization of the core, the life of the core, the manufacturing efficiency of the core and the size of the manufacturing investment.
First of all, let's talk about the difference between the two processes. #Windingprocess, is through the control of the speed, tension, size deviation and other elements of the pole piece, to match each other's pole piece diaphragm and tape after the slit according to the size of the rolled into a core, stacking is the pole piece and diaphragm alternately stacked together, and finally complete the multi-layer stacking core of a production process, from the battery form, #softpack and #bladebattery, are designed around the stacking process to produce, while the square shell battery, can the main technical direction of Chinese battery enterprises is based on winding technology, especially #cylindricalbatteries, as a mature product form, has been the use of winding technology, but in the long run, with the progress of stacking technology, a large number of enterprises also began to enter the era of stacking from the original winding process.
Let's first look at the benefits of laminated technology, from the final product of the battery, the battery products made with laminated technology have
1. Higher energy density,
2. More stable internal structure,
3. Higher safety, and longer life.
Let me explain in turn, the reason for the increase in energy density, mainly refers to the internal winding process conditions of the cell, the corner of the winding has curvature, which leads to a lower utilization of the space of the cell.
Then the stacking process, is able to fully utilize the space of the battery, so in the same volume of the cell design, energy density is also higher than the winding some.
Structurally, the laminated sheet is also more stable than wound, first of all because the battery in use, due to the embedding of lithium ions, will make the positive and negative electrode sheet have expansion, wound cells.
Will be in the corner of the winding, another layer of internal stress inconsistency, the core will occur wavy deformation, which leads to
1. Poor interface of the cell
2. Uneven current distribution
That the internal structure of the battery will also become more and more unstable, security is also brought about by the shape of the structure itself, the expansion and contraction of the pole piece, the diaphragm stretching will lead to the deformation of the cell, to ensure that the cell deformation becomes smaller is also a guarantee of the security of the cell.
In the winding process, the bending of the two ends of the pole piece, the coating material will also occur larger bending deformation, the bend is prone to powder, burrs and other problems, the pole piece and diaphragm by tension, will also occur when the wrinkles, uneven problems.
Comparatively speaking, the laminated sheet, due to the uniform force, deformation becomes smaller, safety will also become higher, cycle life is also one of the key performance of the battery.
The number of stacked cells, the shorter the electron transfer distance, the smaller the resistance, so the internal resistance of stacked cells can be reduced, the battery heat production is relatively small, and winding is prone to deformation, expansion and other problems, affecting the decay characteristics of the battery.
If you want to learn more, please visit our website CE certified lithium ion battery pack assembly.
Related links:Of course the laminated sheet process. It is not without problems, otherwise there will be no technical controversy, its problem is a piece of equipment there is low production efficiency, high investment in equipment, low yield rate and other shortcomings.
First of all, let's talk about the problem of low equipment efficiency, the general power battery winding efficiency of 12 PPM, so that the square winding machine is also within this range, but the traditional C-shaped laminating efficiency, generally only four PPM, here the efficiency is three times worse.
In addition, because the laminating area is also larger than the winding machine, which makes the efficiency further reduced.
That equipment, investment, we see from a single production line, the need for transfer machine, is related to the length of each cell, generally a production line requires ten transfer machine, the need for investment in about 30 million, and the use of laminating process, a production line, the number of laminating machine is also related to the number of pieces of battery, the general need for investment in more than 60 million yuan, coiled battery is relatively easy to slice, so that the pass rate is higher High, each cell as long as the positive and negative electrode once slitting, less difficult, while the slitting of the stacking machine is relatively cumbersome, each cell.
There are dozens of small pieces, easy to produce defective products, therefore, the stacked battery is prone to breakage problems, here to say a very hot blade battery, this innate suitable for stacking, blade battery, the length of 960 mm, the height of 90 mm, using the stacking process to produce blade battery alignment can be controlled within 0.3 mm accuracy, stacking efficiency of 0.3 seconds each P, to summarize Cylindrical square shell, soft package development direction is the choice of different companies
According to their own circumstances, cylindrical due to the standardization of cells, the use of winding process, the manufacturing efficiency of individual cells in improving the use of scenarios in the broadening of the soft package, began to transition to the short blade and long blade, the use of the stacking process, square shell, generally speaking, is to maintain the existing size specifications, you can use the winding process. But the development into a square shell.
After the size of the stacked piece becomes short and long knife battery, will also naturally transition to the stacked piece process, from the perspective of manufacturing efficiency and yield, the greatest potential is the winding of large cylindrical batteries,
This is because around the mature process, and the import of advanced dry electrode process, we can have increased imagination, and Tesla and BMW in a strong push, that the development of faster, in fact, is the stacked piece technology, with BYD, Yiwei lithium energy, honeycomb energy, AVIC lithium, EVE and other Chinese power battery to join, and overseas enterprises such as Samsung, LG, chemical, SK and even Panasonic.
This field due to the promotion of so many battery companies, there is also a lot of imagination, of course, the most stable development or winding process square shell winding is the most capacity, capacity construction is also around this technology
The route forward. Finally, I would like to say is that battery companies around the choice of process to make trade-offs, but the trend, indeed, is becoming clearer and clearer, with the development of technological innovation, power batteries to improve the energy of the era of large-scale manufacturing is that each battery company can not avoid.
Who can do well at this stage, you can find your own foothold in the stage of power batteries become a large-scale standardized products.
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