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3LR12 (4.5-volt), D, C, AA, AAA, AAAA (1.5-volt), A23 (12-volt), PP3 (9-volt), CR (3-volt), and LR44 (1.5-volt) batteries (Matchstick for reference)

This is a list of the sizes, shapes, and general characteristics of some common primary and secondary battery types in household, automotive and light industrial use.

The complete nomenclature for a battery specifies size, chemistry, terminal arrangement, and special characteristics. The same physically interchangeable cell size or battery size may have widely different characteristics; physical interchangeability is not the sole factor in substituting a battery.[1]

The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.

The following tables give the common battery chemistry types for the current common sizes of batteries. See Battery chemistry for a list of other electrochemical systems.

Cylindrical batteries

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Rectangular batteries

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Camera batteries

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As well as other types, digital and film cameras often use specialized primary batteries to produce a compact product. Flashlights and portable electronic devices may also use these types.

Image
(AA size for scale) Names Typical capacity
(mAh) Nominal voltage (V) Shape Terminal layout Dimensions Comments Most common Other common IEC ANSI CR123A Camera battery

2

&#;

3

A
123
CR123


CR-123A
-99-851- (NSN) CR (lithium) LC (lithium) 1,500 (lithium)
700 (Li&#;ion rechargeable) 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion) Cylinder +: Nub cylinder end
&#;: Flat opposite end H: 34.5 mm
Ø: 17 mm

[

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A lithium primary battery, not interchangeable with zinc types. A rechargeable lithium-ion version is available in the same size and is interchangeable in some uses. According to consumer packaging, replaces (BR)

2

&#;

3

A.

In Switzerland as of , these batteries accounted for 16% of lithium camera battery sales.[75]
Used in flashlights and UV water purifiers.[135]

CR2

(Li-ion rechargeable,

800 mA)

(Li-ion,

600 mA)

-99-606- (NSN) CR15H270

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136

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LC 750 (lithium)
600/800 (Li-ion types) 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion) Cylinder +: Nub cylinder end
&#;: Flat opposite end H: 27 mm
Ø: 15.6 mm Standard discharge current: 10 mA

A common battery type in cameras and photographic equipment.

In Switzerland as of , these batteries accounted for 6% of lithium camera battery sales.[75]

2CR5 EL2CR5
DL245
RL2CR5
KL2CR5
-99-577- (NSN) 2CR5 LC

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1,500 6 Double cylinder.
Keyed. Both on one end. Terminal center spacing 16 mm. H: 45 mm
L: 34 mm
W: 17 mm Commonly used in film and digital cameras. Shaped so that it can be inserted into a battery compartment only one way.

Contains 2 CR123A cells.[138]

CR-P2 BR-P2
223A
CR17-33
LC CR-P2 LC

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139

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1,500 6 Double cylinder. Keyed. Both on one end.
Terminal diameter: 8.7 mm
Terminal center spacing: 16.8 mm. H: 36 mm
L: 35 mm
W: 19.5 mm Shaped so that it can be inserted into a battery compartment only one way.

Typical mass: 37 g.

They contain two 3 V cells exchangeable with CR123 cells.

CR-V3 CRV3
RCR-V3 (Li-ion) LC
LF (primary)

[

140

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3,000 (lithium)
1,300 (Li-ion) 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion) Double cylinder flat pack. Keyed. Both on one end H: 52.20 mm
L: 28.05 mm
W: 14.15 mm The same size as two R6 (AA) cells side by side. A rechargeable type is also made in this size.

May be used in some devices not explicitly designed for CR-V3, especially digital cameras.

CP1 DLCP1
DL-CP1C CP

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2,300

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3 Prismatic. Both on one end. H: 57 mm
L: 35 mm
W: 7 mm Shaped so that it can be inserted into a battery compartment only one way.

No longer made by Duracell, nor listed in its official website, but still stocked as of 28 February by some re-sellers.

Typical mass: 1.1 oz (31 g).[142]
Disposable equivalent of the Nikon EN-EL5 Li-ion rechargeable camera battery.[141]

7R31 Kodak K

7R31

538

4 (mercury)

4.5 (alkaline)

Cartridge Negative along side of the body; positive on the front, nose of the battery Approx:

H: 11 mm
L: 40 mm
W: 16 mm

Typically a cartridge of three mercury button cells for use in 110 format cameras. The later version of the battery used alkaline batteries.

Button cells &#; coin, watch

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Lithium cells

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Coin cells of various diameters and thicknesses.

Coin-shaped cells are thin compared to their diameter. Polarity is usually stamped on the metal casing.

The IEC prefix "CR" denotes lithium manganese dioxide chemistry. Since LiMnO2 cells produce 3 volts there are no widely available alternative chemistries for a lithium coin battery. The "BR" prefix indicates a round lithium/carbon monofluoride cell. See lithium battery for discussion of the different performance characteristics. One LiMnO2 cell can replace two alkaline or silver-oxide cells.

IEC designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell. Cells less than one centimeter in height are assigned four-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, while the last two digits are the height in tenths of millimeters. Taller cells are assigned five-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, followed by the last three digits indicating the height in tenths of millimeters.

All these lithium cells are rated nominally 3 volts (on-load), with open-circuit voltage about 3.6 volts. Manufacturers may have their own part numbers for IEC standard size cells. The capacity listed is for a constant resistance discharge down to 2.0 volts per cell.[143]

Silver oxide and alkaline cells

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In the following table, sizes are shown for the silver-oxide IEC number; types and capacity are identified as "(L)" for alkaline, "(M)" for mercury (no longer manufactured), and "(S)" for silver-oxide. Some sizes may be interchangeably used in battery holders. For example, the 189/389 cell is 3.1 mm high and was designated , while the 190/390 size is 3.0 mm high and was designated , but a battery holder will accept either size.

Zinc air cells (hearing aid)

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Zinc-air hearing aid batteries
Different Types of Cooling Tower Nozzles
How Will 21700 Lithium Batteries Transform Electronics?

Miniature zinc-air batteries are button cells that use oxygen in air as a reactant and have very high capacity for their size. Each cell needs around 1 cm3 of air per minute at a 10 mA discharge rate. These cells are commonly used in hearing aids. A sealing tab keeps air out of the cell in storage; a few weeks after breaking the seal the electrolyte will dry out and the battery becomes unusable, regardless of use. Nominal voltage on discharge is 1.2 V.

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Lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable)

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AA size battery and an lithium ion battery

Cylindrical lithium-ion rechargeable battery

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Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are generally not interchangeable with primary types using a different chemistry, due to their higher voltage. Many are also available with protection circuits that can increase their physical length; for example, an is around 65 mm (2.56 in) long, but may be around 68 mm (2.68 in) long with a protection circuit. Some such circuits increase cell diameter instead. The increased dimensions may mean the cell will no longer fit in battery compartments intended for cells without such circuitry.

Commonly-used designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell, as given in IEC standard -1 for cylindrical primary cells. The first two digits are the nominal diameter of the cell in millimetres, and the two following digits are generally the height in millimeters, with the fifth digit indicating cylindrical shape. Alternately, the last three digits can refer to the height in tenths of a millimeter. Manufacturers may use non-IEC designations for their products.

Obsolete batteries

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These types are associated with legacy applications, such as for vacuum tube equipment (A, B, and C batteries), or are no longer manufactured.

(V) = Nominal voltage

PP series

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The PP battery range

The PP (Power Pack) series was manufactured by Ever Ready in the UK (Eveready in the US). The series comprised multi-cell carbon-zinc batteries used for portable electronic devices. Most sizes are uncommon today; however, the PP3 size (and to a lesser extent PP8, used in electric fencing, and PP9) is readily available.[250] The PP4 was cylindrical; all the other types were rectangular. Most had snap terminals as seen on the common PP3 type. These came in two incompatible sizes, as is evident in some of the pictures below, those on larger, mostly older, battery types such as the PP9 being somewhat larger than those on the smaller batteries such as the PP3.

(V) = Nominal voltage

Image
(with PP3/E-size for scale) Names Typical
capacity
(mAh) (V) Dimen­sions
(mm) Comments PP Other common PP1 6 H: 55.6
L: 65.5
W: 55.6 This battery had two snap connectors spaced 35 mm (

1

+

3

&#;

8

 in) apart. PP3 See PP3 battery PP4 226
NEDA
IEC 6F24 9 H: 50.0
Diameter: 25.5 PP6 246
NEDA
-99-628- (NSN)
IEC 6F50-2 850 9 H: 70.0
L: 36.0
W: 34.5 Center distance between terminals is max. 12.95 mm with both offset 7 mm nominal from the wider battery edge. Mass is 120 g. PP7 266
NEDA
-99-914- (NSN)
IEC 6F90 2,500 9 H: 63
L: 46
W: 46 Center distance between terminals is max. 19.2 mm. Mass is 200 g. PP8 SG8
"Fencer" 6 H: 200.8
L: 65.1
W: 51.6 This battery typically had two snap connectors; however, four[

clarification needed

] connector versions are available. They were spaced 35 mm (

1

+

3

&#;

8

 in) apart. This type of battery is sometimes used in electric fencing applications. PP9 276
NEDA
-99-945- (NSN)

IEC 6F100 5,000 9 H: 81.0
L: 66.0
W: 52.0 This battery has two snap connectors spaced 35 mm (

1

+

3

&#;

8

 in) apart. PP10 9 H: 226.0
L: 66.0
W: 66.0 This battery had two-pin connectors. They were a single &#;3.2 mm negative pin and a single &#;4.0 mm positive pin spaced 13.0 mm apart. PP11 4.5 + 4.5 H: 91.3
L: 65.1
W: 52.4 This battery contained two independent 4.5 V batteries, and had a four-pin connector. 9 V with a center tap was available by wiring in series. There were two &#;3.2 mm negative pins spaced 9.5 mm apart and two &#;4.0 mm positive pins spaced 14.3 mm apart. Negative and positive pins were spaced 18.1 mm apart. It was used in some early transistor radio amplifiers with a Class B output stage, allowing the loud speaker to be connected between the amplifier output and the battery center tap.

Obsolete

See also

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References

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Further reading

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• IEC -1: Primary batteries &#; Part 1: General
• IEC -2: Primary batteries &#; Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
• IEC -3: Primary batteries &#; Part 3: Watch batteries
• IEC -4: Primary batteries &#; Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
• ANSI C18.1, Part 1 Portable Primary Cells and Batteries With Aqueous Electrolyte &#; General and Specifications
• ANSI C18.1, Part 2 Portable Primary Cells and Batteries With Aqueous Electrolyte Safety Standard
• ANSI C18.2, Part 1 Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries &#; General and Specifications
• ANSI C18.2, Part 2 Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries Safety Standard
• ANSI C18.3, Part 1 Portable lithium Primary Cells and Batteries &#; General and Specifications
• ANSI C18.3, Part 2 Portable lithium Primary Cells and Batteries Safety Standard
• MOD Defence Standard 61-017 The Selection and Introduction of Batteries and Fuel Cells for Service Use[

  clarification needed

  ]
• MOD Defence Standard 61-021 Generic Specification for Batteries

Making sense of battery certifications and nomenclature

Finding the right batteries can be confusing when you start running into unfamiliar abbreviations.  For example, battery technical specifications that list cryptic model numbers as compatible replacements preceded by chart headings of &#;ANSI&#; or &#;IEC&#;; or encountering statements in battery descriptions like &#;This LR44 replaces A76. It is equivalent in size to an SR44.&#; The replacements are often a long string of model numbers.

What does it all mean?

This article takes a brief look at the two leading naming conventions, or nomenclature, imprinted on battery packages to help you select the right battery for your needs.

 

ANSI is the acronym for American National Standards Institute, which oversees development standards for products, including batteries.  IEC refers to the International Electrotechnical Commission which was established in France and publishes international technology standards. Understanding the purpose of their universal naming conventions, or nomenclature, and getting a quick bird&#;s-eye view of how they work may help you to select the right battery for your power needs.

When we seek to replace our AA alkaline batteries, we think of AA as a battery size. We are quite aware that it is available for purchase under many brands. We also recognize that no matter which brand we choose, an alkaline AA battery from Energizer, will interchangeably share the same physical dimensions and electro-chemical characteristics as our Panasonic or other branded AA.  Fewer of us may also know that this is a size that can apply to lithium, alkaline or rechargeable Ni-MH batteries.

ANSI and IEC publish standard guidelines for battery sizes and chemistries even in cases where a manufacturer&#;s battery model may predate their standardizations. A battery&#;s complete nomenclature will disclose its cell chemistry, approximate or exact dimensions, and even its shape, among other relevant characteristics. While there may be slight brand-specific nuances&#;the AA battery may be a fraction of a millimeter taller or narrower brand-to-brand, for example&#;the standards provide for very specific tolerance ranges in their classifications to ensure that your battery purchase will satisfactorily meet your needs. Widely recognized brands adhere to them.

The classification and charts of these organizations can grow rapidly comprehensive. In keeping within the scope of our discussion, we will just take a broad look at naming structure, and then look at a few easy-to-follow IEC examples that you are most likely to encounter.

ANSI nomenclature

The first letter of a battery's standardized name identifies its shape, followed by an arbitrary number that designates the cell&#;s size. Additional letters may be added to define the battery chemistry, its terminals, and other characteristics.

IEC nomenclature

Three IEC committees publish separate standards for lead acid batteries, secondary batteries (i.e., rechargeable), and primary batteries (i.e., disposable). Letters and numbers indicate the cell chemistry, shape, and dimensions, and can also include other modifying letters or numerals as appropriate.

 

Going back to our AA battery example, its widespread availability makes it easy to recognize. The same applies to other widely available sizes, such as an AAA, C, D, or 9-volt batteries. Even many of our kids can distinguish them on sight without need to read the label. How about an LR44 battery? This is a very common watch battery size, but it certainly does not enjoy the same on-sight recognition.

If you own a Seiko watch and open it up, the battery might read Seiko SR927W. Or perhaps Seiko TR927. If you have a Bulova watch, you might find the identically sized battery, but in this case, imprinted with Bulova 613. Other manufacturers make replacements for them. For example, Duracell names its version D399. Panasonic calls its version SP399. These manufacturer-specific name variations point to the same IEC-standardized, coin-shaped battery known as LR, which is more widely known simply as LR44.

The LR is an IEC nomenclature that discloses its chemistry, size, and dimensions, respectively. It unifies the varyious manufacturer designations under one standard as follows:

Digit Characteristic What it means L The chemistry &#;L&#; stands for alkaline. * R The shape &#;R&#; stands for round. 11 The nominal diameter The number &#;11&#; is the designated code for 11.6 mm. * 54 The nominal height &#;54&#; is the designation for a height of 5.5 mm. *

*Note: That &#;L&#; stands for alkaline, &#;11&#; stands for 11.6 mm, and &#;54&#; means 5.5 mm are not typographical errors.

 

So, at a glance, LR tells us that it is an alkaline battery that is round and is 11.6 mm in diameter and 5.4 mm in height.

If the initial digit, &#;L&#; was instead an &#;S&#;, for example, &#;SR&#;, this would denote a silver oxide cell chemistry. Therefore, an SR is a silver oxide battery that is also round, 11.6 mm in diameter, and 5.4 mm in height. It is widely known as the 357 battery.

Learning that &#;C&#; as the first letter denotes that a battery is of lithium chemistry (again, no typo), you can now fairly easily deduce that the common coin-shaped cell called CR is a lithium-chemistry, round battery that is 20 mm in diameter and 3.2 mm in height. Just how common is this 3-volt battery and its many siblings like the CR and CR? Very. You will find them in a wide variety of small devices such as car keys, calculators, toys, medical equipment (e.g., pacemakers), the motherboard CMOS in your computer, micro instruments, and more.

It should now be relatively easy for you to have an idea of the chemistry, shape, and size of an LR battery, a CR battery, and many others.  The examples focused on coin-shaped batteries only. As mentioned, the nomenclature can quickly grow complicated and beyond the scope of this primer.

 

Further reading:

Need-to-know battery technical terms in plain English

Learn what is meant by a handful of terms often used in descriptions to effectively compare and shop for your battery needs; terms like battery energy density, self-discharge, cell voltage range, and more.

Making sense of battery certification imprints

Understand the relevance of various markings imprinted on batteries.

 

If you want to learn more, please visit our website Lithium-ion battery cells.