Electronic Chemicals - Materials / Alfa Chemistry

Electronic chemicals, also known as electronic chemical materials, refer to fine chemical materials supporting the electronics industry. Electronic chemicals have the characteristics of many varieties, high quality requirements, small dosage, demanding environmental cleanliness, fast product replacement and higher value-added products. Electronic chemicals are one of the important supporting materials for the development of the electronics industry, whose quality not only directly affects the quality of electronic products, but also has a major impact on the industrialization of microelectronic manufacturing technology. The development of the electronics industry requires that the electronics chemicals industry be synchronized with it. Therefore, electronics chemicals have become one of the key materials for the development of the electronics industry. Commonly used electronic chemicals include substrates, photoresists, electroplating chemicals, packaging materials, high-purity reagents, special gases, solvents, corrosives, and electronic special adhesives.

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Applications:

Electronic chemicals are widely used in the electronics industry, aerospace and environmental monitoring due to their advantages of high purity, high value, and rich variety.

• Electronics industry: The application of electronic chemicals in the electronics industry is its most important application. Crystalline silicon solar cells are one of the important products in the electronics industry. The conventional process flow of crystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing mainly includes silicon wafer cleaning, suede preparation, diffusion bonding, plasma peripheral etching, dephosphorized silicon glass, PECVD anti-reflection film preparation, electrode printing, sintering and Laser testing. In these industrial processes, almost every step uses electronic chemicals. As a gas source that provides silicon components, silane is a very important chemical electronics, which can be used to manufacture high purity polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, microcrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, heterogeneous silicon, and various metal silicides. Using silane as a silicon source is the most effective way to attach silicon molecules to the surface of the battery, and has the advantages of high purity and easy to achieve fine control. At present, silane has become an important special gas that cannot be replaced by many other silicon sources in the manufacturing process of crystalline silicon solar cells. In addition, in the manufacturing process of crystalline silicon solar cells, the cleanliness and surface condition of the silicon wafer have a great influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, the cleaning of silicon wafers is the focus of production. Electronic chemicals such as sulfuric acid, aqua regia, acidic and alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions can be used as "cleaning agents" in the manufacture of crystalline silicon solar cells, to achieve the purpose of decontamination.

Figure 1. Silane

• Aerospace: With the rapid development of the aerospace field, the electronic devices used are continuously miniaturized and highly integrated, and the reliability requirements are getting higher and higher. Electronic packaging materials used in the aerospace industry require lower density, higher thermal conductivity, and better matching of chip thermal expansion coefficients. Packaging materials such as BeO, AlN, Al/SiC, and AlSi have gradually become some commonly used packaging materials in the aerospace field due to the above advantages. For example, SiCp/Al composite materials are used as lightweight electronic packaging and thermal control materials in autopilots and electronic systems in aircraft, and have achieved a 70% weight reduction effect.

Figure 2. Silicone plastic for electronic packaging

• Environmental monitoring: Biosensors are one of the important instruments applied in environmental monitoring, which are often used in the preparation of biosensors. As a crucial electronic chemical, it can transfer the graphics on the mask to different substrates under the influence of light. Among a wide variety of photoresists, SU-8 negative photoresists are widely used to manufacture high aspect ratio structures due to their advantages of low visible light absorption, high thermal stability, good chemical stability and high sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, such as biosensors. For example, a new composite conductive photoresist can be obtained by fully mixing and dispersing graphene (GR) and SU-8 photoresist. The composite conductive photoresist is coated on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass to prepare a patterned three-dimensional electrode. By further electrochemically reducing CuNPs on the electrode surface in situ, a new enzyme-free sensor can be prepared, which can be used for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and other gases.

References:

1. Kazunori Sakai. (). "Progress in metal organic cluster EUV photoresists." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 36(6), -
2. Yan-Jun Wan. (). "Recent advances in polymer-based electronic packaging materials." Composites Communications 19, 154-167.
3. Gioia Michelotti. (), "Silane Effect of Universal Adhesive on the Composite-Composite Repair Bond Strength after Different Surface Pretreatments.." Polymers 12, 950-961.

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I would start with clean (distilled or de-ionized) water over any of those. Most ordinary dirt can be cleaned off with water well enough. Make sure whatever you are cleaning is unpowered, and don't power it back up until you are sure it is dry again. Most electronics using VLSI components are safe to immerse in clean water, but SMT electronics especially with chipsets and things that have mechanical components are notable exceptions. The water will go under the chipsets because it is using the space between the pcb and the chipset as a capillary and gets stuck under it. The liquid will not dry and even if it does after some time it will leave a certain amount of corrosion under it which may lead to a change in resistance including a short.Some of these electronics include anything that is a bit smarter than your lightswitch like buzzers, relays, watches, microcontroller controlled electronics, and anything in a housing where water might get in but have a hard time getting out again.

While extra clean water is a good idea, even ordinary tap water is good enough for most cases. The advantage there is that it's cheap and available, so you can afford to have new water flow over whatever you are cleaning. Washing with tapwater and rinsing with clean water is fine too. That will rinse away any of the crud that tap water might leave behind as a thin residue.

Next I'd use isopropyl alchohol. In fact, I keep some of that around the office, along with some cotton swabs. It can dissolve some solder fluxes that plain water can't. Otherwise, observe the same precautions as with water. Remember that it's probably 30% or so water anyway.

Ethyl alcohol would probably work similarly, although I don't have personal experience with it.

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I would stay away from vodka, rum, and any other ethanol with extra stuff in it. If you have to go that route, moonshine is probably better because it's basically ethanol and water with little else. Still I wouldn't trust any liquors due to them containing stuff that may not evaporate and therefore be left behind.

I wouldn't use acetone at all unless I was sure the specific component it comes in contact with is rated for that. Acetone can dissolve various things that could cause trouble.

More about dissolving:

I think what I've said is clear enough, but since it was accused of being misleading I'll get into it a little more.

Dissolving is a process where individual molecules of a substance (the solute) diffuse into a liquid (the solvent) such that the result is still a liquid. Salt dissolving in water is a example we've all encountered. This is different from a slurry where small particles of some substance are suspended in a liquid. The particles are still many many molecules in size and are generally large enough to settle out after a while, but this is a digression anyway.

Some types of plastic dissolve in acetone. Some electrical components are in part made of such plastic. Therefore washing boards with these components on them in acetone can cause harm.

If this plastic were submerged in acetone long enough, it would eventually all enter solution (dissolve) and be rinsed away with that solution. The act of dissolving (molecules leaving the solid plastic structure and diffusing thru the acetone) takes time. Obviously this can only happen at the boundary between the solid and the acetone. That boundary moves further into the solid as the outer layers are dissolved and swept away. In this case, the solid doesn't just suddenly go from pristine to dissolved immediately at the boundary layer. Some of the acetone diffuses into the solid a bit, which "loosens" it, which makes it easier for the loosened molecules to dissolve, which also makes it easier for more acetone to diffuse further into the solid.

If this process is not allowed to complete, then there will be some part of the solid that is diffused with acetone where the molecules have loosened, but are still somewhat linked to each other and therefore not truly dissolved. This part becomes much weaker mechanically so that it can easily deform, from light touches, moving acetone, or even just gravity. Acetone is quite volatile, so after it is removed the molecules in the transition region of the solid diffuse out and evaporate. The molecules of the solid can then link to each other more tightly, making it mechanically stronger again. This causes it to re-solidify in whatever shape it was deformed to when weak.

True dissolving is not really a chemical reaction. I don't know whether acetone also reacts chemically with some plastics or if it's just dissolving action. The fact that the plastic re-hardens after the acetone is removed suggests it is not chemically altered, but I don't know that for sure.

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