Sep. 09, 2024
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Author: the photonics expert Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta
Cylindrical lenses (also called cylinder lenses) are optical lenses which are curved only in one direction. Therefore, they focus or defocus light only in one direction, for example in the horizontal direction but not in the vertical direction. As for ordinary lenses, their focusing or defocusing behavior can be characterized with a focal length or its inverse, the dioptric power.
Usually, the surface curvature of a cylindrical lens is of spherical type, but there are also aspheric cylindrical lenses. Further, there are cylindrical gradient-index lenses, not exhibiting any surface curvature.
Cylindrical lenses can be used to obtain a beam focus of elliptical form. That can be required, for example, for feeding light through the entrance slit of a monochromator or into an acousto-optic deflector, or for conditioning pump light for a slab laser.
There are fast axis collimators for diode bars, which are essentially cylindrical lenses often with an aspheric shape.
Cylindrical lenses cause astigmatism of a laser beam: a mismatch of focus position for both directions. Conversely, they can also used for compensating astigmatism of a beam or an optical system. For example, they may be required for collimating the output of a laser diode such that one obtains a circular non-astigmatic beam.
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Eyeglasses today are fashion accessories, as stylish as purses and belts. So don't fret if contact lenses bother your eyes. Instead, scope out the latest frames to give your face a fresh look.
As technology advances, so do lenses. In the past, they were made exclusively of glass. Today, most are made of high-tech plastics. These new ones are lighter, dont break as easily as glass, and can be treated with a filter to shield your eyes from damaging ultraviolet (UV) light.
The following lenses are lighter, thinner, and more scratch-resistant than glass or the older plastic types.
Polycarbonate. These impact-resistant lenses are a good choice if you play sports, work where your eyeglasses could easily get damaged, or have kids who are tough on their specs. They also have built-in UV protection.
Trivex. Theyre made from a newer plastic thats similar to polycarbonate lenses. Theyre lightweight, thin, and impact-resistant. They may also correct vision better for some people.
High-index plastic. If you need a strong prescription, these lenses are lighter and thinner than the old-school super-thick ones you may have had in the past.
Aspheric. These have various degrees of curvature. That means they can be thinner and flatter so you can use a much larger portion of the surface.
Photochromic. Sunlight changes these from clear to tinted. You may no longer need sunglasses, although they may not darken in your car if the windshield blocks UV rays. They can be either glass or plastic.
Polarized sunglasses. These lenses reduce glare from a surface like water, so theyre great for sports and driving. But they can make it hard to see the liquid crystal display on your cars dashboard.
Your type of vision problem will determine the shape of your lens. Youll need a concave lens (curves inward) if youre nearsighted. A convex lens (curves outward) will help if youre farsighted. If you have astigmatism, your cornea is shaped wrong, so your lenses may be more like a cylinder. Simply put, the lens is a tool you use to focus light onto your retina in the correct way.
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