A hydraulic system acts as a power source to generate energy, producing force and/or motion. Choosing the correct hydraulic hose fitting type ensures safe and satisfactory system performance. Fitting selection involves the consideration of various factors, including fitting-to-hose compatibility and the suitability of one-piece or two-piece fitting designs for the assembly. The correct fitting and hose combination is crucial to ensure optimal hydraulic system performance.
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One-piece hose fittings
One-piece hose fittings have a pre-clamped ferrule made specifically for hose fittings. This feature ensures the collar will not be able to slip out of alignment. This style allows hose fittings to be properly matched to the hydraulic systems. These one-piece joints make it easy to perform routine maintenance without increasing the risk of leakage.
One-piece hose fittings are also excellent for basic, low-pressure applications and allow for quick hose assembly. This style of hydraulic hose fitting is a great foolproof option with a wide selection of shapes and end formations. One-piece hose fittings also have excellent hose compatibility.
Two-piece hose fittings
Two-piece fittings offer greater flexibility in hose selection and connection. Additionally, they can accommodate a variety of hoses by providing multiple fitting and ferrule options, including 1SN, 2SN and multi-spiral hoses, tailored to specific applications. For enhanced corrosion resistance and extended service life, stainless steel 316 two-piece hydraulic hose fittings are recommended, particularly in chemical and offshore applications. End users may require hose fitting manufacturers to provide material traceability, as well.
These hydraulic hose fittings are suitable for critical and high-pressure applications, especially when extreme hose vibration or pressure surges are possible.
Two-piece hose fittings ensure a strong assembly in severe operating conditions. In most high-pressure applications, the hose should be skived or double-skived to create a secure metal-to-metal internal and external connection.
Standard and interlock hose tails
Carrying stainless steel two-piece hose fittings and one-piece hose fittings can give distributors different benefits. The cost of inventory can be significantly reduced because only two types of hose tail styles need to be inventoried: standard and interlock.
Having a limited number of hose tails that vary in size and end connections can be cost effective for distributors looking to cover most hoses and applications. Carrying a limited stock of hose fittings makes it easier and more organized for distributors.
Standard hose tails can be used in a broad range of applications, including textile hoses, one- and two-wire braided hoses, four-spiral hoses, thermoplastic hoses and PTFE hoses.
Interlock hose tails are oftentimes used with higher-pressure multi-spiral hoses and in mechanically stressful environments. They create a strong connection between the hose and fitting where there is frequent high pulsating pressure.
Cost considerations
The cost of stainless ferrules is far less than their compatible hose tails. The key is to maintain a well balanced inventory of hose tails with a large variety of compatible ferrules.
Carrying a profitable balance of ferrules and hose tails allows distributors to lower costs while still maintaining the inventory customers require. This can prove to be very important when there is a desire to reduce the carrying costs of expensive stainless steel components.
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Conclusion
Proper hydraulic maintenance is crucial to ensure a long service life of the system and its components. This includes regular checks for leakage, fitting displacement or damage. By implementing scheduled inspections and maintenance procedures, hydraulic fittings can perform at their peak, preventing damage to the hydraulic system.
Ultimately, selecting the correct hydraulic hose fittings, installing them correctly, practicing routine maintenance and optimizing inventory management contributes to the overall performance, service life and economies of hydraulic systems.
This blog is an excerpt from our latest white paper titled "Hydraulic Hose Fittings: Four Things to Consider". Click here or the link below to download!
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OEMs and fitting manufacturers are constantly finding new ways to stump us with different threads and new ways to seal them. Generally, however, when making hydraulic fitting connection choices today, there are several features to research and understand for your application. We highlight connections, attachment styles and the 5 most important factors you need to consider for hydraulic fittings.
7 common end connection types
- JIC 37&#; Flares: The Joint Industrial Conference (JIC) fitting is the most common hydraulic connection style. It consists of parallel threads and a 37&#; cone on the fitting end that attaches to either a flared tube or hose fitting.
- O-Ring Face Seals: O-ring face seal fittings have flat sealing surfaces that contain an embedded seal, which mates to flanged tubing or hose fittings. Flat sealing surfaces reduce the risk of over-torqueing, and the captured seal prevents leakage.
- O-Ring Boss: The threads of the SAE straight thread O-Ring Boss (ORB) and the straight thread 37&#; JIC Flare are the same threads. The difference is the way each thread seals. While the JIC seals on a metal-to-metal flare, the ORB seals on an O-ring, which offers the best leak free connection.
- Inch Compression: The inch compression fitting is a bite type fitting for hydraulic tubing and there are very limited hose connections for this style. This fitting can be assembled onto hydraulic hard tubing in the field with minimal tooling required.
- NPT Pipe Threads: NPT pipe threads are your traditional tapered thread fittings and have been used for 100 years. They are available in low-pressure black iron and brass, and high-pressure steel and stainless steel. This connection style is used in pneumatic and process systems and hydraulic systems.
- DIN Metric 24&#; Bite Type: This is the most common hydraulic fitting style in Europe. As such, there is a full line of hose fittings for this style, and it can be used with metric-sized tubing. Newer versions of this fitting style incorporate a captured elastomeric seal on the mating surface, providing better sealing and reusability.
- Four-Bolt Flange: The 4-bolt flange connections conforming to SAE J518 and ISO -1 and -2 are proven, leak-free connections and are especially suited for larger sizes, higher pressures and assembly in tight quarters.
2 differences among attachment styles
- Crimp Fitting: Using crimp fittings requires a crimping machine or a press to attach the fitting to the hose. If you don&#;t have a machine of this type in your shop or facility, a local Hydraulic distributor or supplier can fabricate the hose assembly. Locate a distributor near you.
- Field Attachable Fitting: The advantage of field attachable fittings (also referred to as reusable fittings) is that a machine isn&#;t required to attach the fitting to the hose. The hose assembly can be made anywhere provided that the fitting and the hose on hand is Field Attachable Fitting compatible. In most cases, a field attachable fitting consists of two pieces; a socket and a nipple.
5 factors for fitting selection
Below are the five factors you should consider when selecting the right hydraulic fitting for your application:
- Versatility: JIC fittings offer the best versatility of any of the aforementioned fitting systems. Additionally, there are available fittings that can connect JIC fittings to any foreign or American port, and jump sizes can expand or reduce between any sizes. A key benefit of JIC is the great variety of product that is typically stocked by vendors, including straights, elbows, long drops and male or female threads.
- Availability: JIC and NPT fittings have been the field standard for decades, and they are readily available in both volume and variety. As a growing number of OEMs converts to O-ring face seals and DIN metric fitting styles, any hydraulic hose shop should be able to identify these new fittings, but the selection may be limited. Click here to find your local Parker distributor.
- Pressure Rating: Many OEMs are choosing O-ring face seals and DIN metric fittings, as required pressure ratings have increased. JIC fittings are not rated for these pressure ratings, especially in high vibration applications. Similarly, NPT threads are not recommended for higher pressure. These applications require specially-rated fittings.
- Application: The application in which a fitting will be used is a critical factor in choosing the right fitting. The STAMP acronym applies to fittings as well as it does to hose. Size, Temperature, Application, Media and Pressure all must be taken into consideration when making this choice. The STAMP process is integrated in Parker&#;s HoseFinder app.
- Reliability: NPT pipe threads have always been popular, as leaks can be fixed by simply tightening the fitting. This practice, however, has led to cracked fittings. While JIC has been the industry standard for years, it still susceptible to cracked flares from overaggressive wrenching. The mated sealing surfaces in O-ring face seal fittings and DIN metric fittings reduce the risk of over torqueing, and provide greater reliability due to the elastomeric seal that is captured in the mating surface.
At the end of the day, all hydraulic fittings are only as good as the assembler who installed them. A general rule of thumb is to connect a hose with the least amount of connections possible. There are proper assembly procedures for each of the fitting styles, and strict adherence to those steps makes the difference between a solid connection and a problem waiting to happen.
(source: http://blog.parker.com)
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